| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*o:c?u- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 thin, light, easy, worthless 2 youngest 3 to diminish | face="Times New Roman Star"1 тонкий, легкий, простой, дешевый 2 младший 3 уменьшаться | face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|uz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u>c?yz 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|uz 1 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|uz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|y:z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"oc?y (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"oc?y (Верб.) 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uohun- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|u"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uz?|yz, uz?|uz 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"uc?uz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 32, VEWT 509, 356, ЭСТЯ 1, 567-568, Лексика 339-340. Some Kypch. forms (Tat. u>c?syz, Bashk. u>shu>d| 'cheap') are probably a result of reinterpreting uc?uz as uc?-syz "edgeless" - as a result of late folk etymology. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*eb | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"house | face="Times New Roman Star"дом | face="Times New Roman Star"eb (Orkh.), ev (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ev (MK), o"v (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ev | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j (Pav. C., Бор. Бад.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uj | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j | face="Times New Roman Star"ju" | face="Times New Roman Star"ev | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j | face="Times New Roman Star"ib | face="Times New Roman Star"em, (Kond.) u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"ha"`v | face="Times New Roman Star"av-la-n- 'to marry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"g | face="Times New Roman Star"o"g| | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"jev | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 34, EDT 3-4, ЭСТЯ 1, 287-288, 513-514, Егоров 21, Лексика 500. The word for 'woman' in some languages goes back to PT *eb-c?i ("housewife"), see EDT 6; borrowed in Mong. as ebsi 'female of a big bear', see Clark 1980, 43). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"d | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"time | face="Times New Roman Star"время | face="Times New Roman Star"o"d (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"d|(leg) (MK), o"d|leg (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"jle 'midday' | face="Times New Roman Star"o"jle| 'midday' | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j (IM), o"jle 'midday' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"jla" 'midday' | face="Times New Roman Star"o"jle 'midday' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"j |
| face="Times New Roman Star"vara 'later' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"jle| 'midday' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"jle| 'midday' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 35-36, 56, ЭСТЯ 1, 516-517, VEWT 368, Лексика 68-69. Turk. > Hung. ido? (< *o"d-eg), see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 1, 189. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*u"le- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to divide, distribute, endow 2 lot, endowment | face="Times New Roman Star"1 разделять, распределять, наделять 2 доля, надел | face="Times New Roman Star"u"le-, u"les?- 1, u"lu"g, u"lu"s? 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"le-, u"les?- 1, u"lu"g, u"lu"s? 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?- 1, u"les? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u">la"s?- 1, u">li>s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"lu" 2, u"le- 1 (AH), u"les?- 1, u"les? 2 (Pav. C.), u"lu"s? 2 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ula"s?- 1, ul/us? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"la"s?- 1, u"lu"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"lis- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"le, u"lu"s? 2, u"le-, u"les?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"le- 1, u"lu"s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"le-, u"les?- 1, u"les?, u"lu"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"lu", u"lo"s? 2, u"le-, u"les?-, u"lo"s?- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"vales/- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"le- 1, u"les? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"lo"s?, u"lu"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"les- 1, u"les 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"les- 1, u"lis 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u">la"s?- 1, u">lu">s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?- 1, u"les?, u"lu"s? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?-, u"lu"s?- 1, u"lu"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"les- 1, u"les 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 627-629, EDT 127, 142, 153, 154, Егоров 46, Федотов 1, 98-99, VEWT 520, TMN 2, 120-121. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to shave 2 to tear off, scrape off | face="Times New Roman Star"1 брить 2 срывать, соскребать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"li- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"le- (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 (Ettuhf.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l-me- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"su"l- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hu"l- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"lu"- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"lu"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"l-, u"lu"-, ili- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, VEWT 213, ЭСТЯ 4, 216 (confused with *jol- q. v. sub *n/o>\lo), Stachowski 115. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*u":n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sound, voice | face="Times New Roman Star"звук, голос | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"n (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"un | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"n | face="Times New Roman Star"u":n | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"n | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"n | face="Times New Roman Star"u"n | face="Times New Roman Star"un |
| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 167, ЭСТЯ 1, 625-626. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*u"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to blow | face="Times New Roman Star"дуть | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- (Pav. C., AH, Houts.), hu"r- (R.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"v@w|r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 195-196, ЭСТЯ 1, 635-636, Stachowski 253. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to be afraid | face="Times New Roman Star"бояться | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u">rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- (Pav. C.), u"ru"k- (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"hu"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rku"- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"k- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"rku"- | face="Times New Roman Star"hirk- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"rg-u"t- 'to frighten' | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rg-u"t- 'to frighten' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rki>- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u">rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ru"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"rk- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 221, VEWT 522, ЭСТЯ 1, 635-637, Stachowski 253. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*u"l/i- (/*u"li-) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to freeze, congeal 2 to blow (of a cold wind) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 замерзать 2 дуть (о холодном ветре) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?i- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?i- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?e- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Kypch. u"s?i- (CCum.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"-, dial. u"s?i- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. u"s?i:- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"zu"-, uc?u- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"z?u"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"vas?- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"lu"j- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"'z?u"- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"si- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"si- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?o"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"si- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"s?u"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 523, ЭСТЯ 1, 644-645, EDT 256-247, Мудрак Дисс. 154. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*be:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to give | face="Times New Roman Star"давать | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"ver- | face="Times New Roman Star"bir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"ba"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"per- | face="Times New Roman Star"ver- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"pir- | face="Times New Roman Star"per- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"ver- (< Az.) | face="Times New Roman Star"par- | face="Times New Roman Star"bier- | face="Times New Roman Star"bier- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"bir- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"ver- | face="Times New Roman Star"ver- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"be(r)-,ve(r)-, ve:(r)- | face="Times New Roman Star"ber- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 70, ЭСТЯ 2, 114-116, EDT 354-5, Stachowski 59. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:.c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hunger | face="Times New Roman Star"голод | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"az?| (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|c? | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az?| | face="Times New Roman Star"a:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"as? | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"a:c?, o|:c?u- | face="Times New Roman Star"vyz/ъ | face="Times New Roman Star"a:s | face="Times New Roman Star"ac?-c?yk 'hungry' | face="Times New Roman Star"as? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"as? | face="Times New Roman Star"as? | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"a:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"as? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 17, VEWT 3, ЭСТЯ 1, 208-209, Stachowski 28. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"name | face="Times New Roman Star"имя | face="Times New Roman Star"at (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"at (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ad | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|t, dial. (Namangan) a"t | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"ad | face="Times New Roman Star"a:t | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"a:t | face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"a:t | face="Times New Roman Star"a:t | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at, (ady) | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"a:t | face="Times New Roman Star"ad | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"a:t | face="Times New Roman Star"at | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 30-1, EDT 32-3, ЭСТЯ 1, 198-199, Егоров 355, Stachowski 41-42. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:n/(k) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"moon, month | face="Times New Roman Star"луна, месяц | face="Times New Roman Star"aj (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"aj (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj; an/ (CCum.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|j | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"a:j | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:j | face="Times New Roman Star"ojъx | face="Times New Roman Star"yj | face="Times New Roman Star"yj 'month' | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"aj | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10, TMN 2, 169, EDT 265, ЭСТЯ 1, 98-99 (see there on the reasons of reconstructing *-n/), Мудрак Дисс. 178, Федотов 2, 271, Лексика 55, 76-77, Stachowski 258. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become weak 2 bad 3 to be vile (of a man), to turn septic (of a wound) 4 weak, inferior 5 upset 6 old, worn-out 7 crazy 8 lazy man 9 to hurry 10 fool 11 to go mad 12 to deceive 13 perplexed 14 dumb, foolish 15 doubt, surprise 16 error 17 be in doubt, perplexed 18 absent-minded, unattentive 19 weakness | face="Times New Roman Star"1 слабеть 2 дурной 3 быть подлым (о человеке), воспаляться (о ране) 4 слабый, худший 5 расстроенный 6 старый, изношенный 7 безумный, ошалелый 8 лентяй 9 торопиться 10 дурак 11 сходить с ума 12 обманывать 13 растерянный 14 глупый, простоватый 15 сомнение, удивление 16 ошибка 17 сомневаться, сбиваться, путаться 18 рассеянный, невнимательный 19 чахлость, немощь | face="Times New Roman Star"alan|-a-d- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 2 (MK), alyq- 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"alyk, (Osm.) alu 4, alaz, alyz 4 (dial.), alkyn 5 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-ma 2, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"aluq 7 (Abush. 27) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alaq, alan| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ac? 8 (ЯЖУ 14) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al-n|-a-sa- 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 10, alas 5, al-yn-, al-ax- 11, (caus.) 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"al-aq-tyr- (caus. from *al-aq-) 12, al-aq-qan 13, alyg| 10, al-yn- 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"ala: (< alag|) 14, alu (< alyg|) 10, alan| 15, alg|as 5, al-yn- 11 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alg|as 16 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q- 17, alan| 15 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, alag|-dy 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"ala-n|-g|a-s-ar 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"alama 2, 6, al-jawu 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn- 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyq 7, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"alas 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 16-17, TMN 2, 116, EDT 129, 138, 149, ЭСТЯ 1, 132, 145-146, Clark 1977, 128. See also Oghuz *al-c?ak sub *a>l 'below'. Tends to contaminate with *a:l 'red' and *a:la 'variegated', cf. Uygh. al-ga"da"n 'nai've' ('red nape'), Turkm. a:la-samsyk 'foolish' ('variegated fool'), Bashk. al-jot 'fool' ('red fellow'). KW 7. Turk. *algaz > MMong. alg|asa- 'faul, nachlassig sein' (SH), then Mong. > Kirgh., KBalk., Kum. alg|asa(r)-, Nogh. alas-la-r- 'to become embarrassed', (Karaim) 'to be scared' etc. Despite Sevortyan, Tokharian A a:la:s 'iners, ignavus' (Poucha 27), B ala:s- 'be sick' (Sieg-Siegling 91) not < Turk., but < Sanskr. alasa. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>lp | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 difficult, hard 2 warrior 3 hero 4 brave 5 giant 6 landlord | face="Times New Roman Star"1 трудный 2 воин 3 герой 4 храбрый 5 великан 6 помещик, землевладелец | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 1, 2, 4 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.); alp-a-g|ut 2 (OUygh.). | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 4 (MK, KB, Tefs., IM); alpag|ut 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 3, 5, alpawyt 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 3 (Sngl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"alpawut 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4, albyx- 'to act as a meddler' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"olъp 5, olbut 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 'witchcraft; part of some names of spirits' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"albyq- 'to pant, stifle', alba:- 'to lapse into oblivion' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4, 5, albu:t 'hot-tempered' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 5, albyt, albyrt 'hot-tempered' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alpawyt 2, alpamys?a 5 (from Alp Amys?a, a folklore name, = Tat.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alp 'chief', alpawut 'gentry man' | face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 5, albyra- 'be exhausted, embarassed' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 127-128, VEWT 18, ЭСТЯ I 139, Федотов 2, 276. Clauson's hypothesis that the reflexes of *alpawut in recent languages are the result of a re-borrowing from Mong. (cf. Lit. Mong. albag|ut (Kow. 84) < Turk.), partly contaminated with Mong. alban 'tax', is unnecessary: a semantic shift 'warrior' > 'gentry' > 'landlord' seems to be natural. Cf. a borrowing from Mong. alba-tu in Tuva, Oyr. albatu, albaty, Kirgh. albaty 'tax-payers, people'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 lower side, below 2 (as adj.) being below , lower | face="Times New Roman Star"1 низ, нижняя сторона 2 нижний | face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (Yen. ПМК 90, OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"altyn 2 (MK, IM), alt 1 (\X<1.193>Tefs.\x) | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (dial., ЯБТ 126) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 (ЯЖУ 14) | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alty 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ald 1, altyg|y 2; alty 1 {(Баск. Туба)} | face="Times New Roman Star"a[:]lt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"old(ъ) 'gusset' | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a'ldy 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"aldyn 'в низовье реки' (Рас. ФиЛ 153) | face="Times New Roman Star"ald(y) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (K) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 14, ЭСТЯ 1, 140-141, Stachowski 32. VEWT confuses (after Bang and Brockelmann) the roots *al- 'below' and *a:l 'front'. They are indeed mixed in Kirgh. and Oyr. lit., where we have ald 'front, below', but are distinguished in dialects (Tuba: ald 'front', with a voicing in the consonant cluster after an old long vowel, but alty 'below'). The Chuv. form probably goes back to the compound *koltuk alty 'axillary concavity, gusset' (attested in Tur., Gag., Az., see Дыбо 154). Most languages reflect *al-ty- (the simple form al is not attested, see the discussion in EDT 121), but the reality of the root *a>l is proved by a different derivative in Yakut. Cf. also Sib.-Tat. alas?a 'low, low place' (КСТТ 100). Another possible old derivative in -c?ak may be PT *al/(c?)ak (Karakh. as?aq, Turkm. as?a:q etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 214-215) 'below, bottom part; low, humble': its traditional derivation from *a:l/- 'to cross (a mountain)' is unsatisfactory both phonetically and semantically. A certain problem is the attribution of the adjective *al-c?ak (see ЭСТЯ 1, 143-144, EDT 129). Older occurrences of alc?aq (MK, KB, Tefs., Rabg. etc.) present the meaning 'modest, humble'; cf. also Sib.-Tat. alcaq 'valetudinarian' (КСТТ 101), Turkm. alc?ak 'affable' and perhaps Tur. alc?ak 'mean, vile', alc?a- 'to offend, humiliate'. This group of forms may in fact reflect a different root, otherwise represented by PT *Alyg, see under *a:\le 'weak, tired'. Another group of forms - Chag. alc?aq 'bas' (Pav. C.), Tur., Az., Crim.-Tat. (and Oghuz texts like Korkut) alc?aq 'low, low place' probably represents an Oghuz innovative derivation in -c?ak from the root al- (which is why -lc?- did not yield -s?- here), perhaps influenced by Mong. alc?a-gar, alc?a-n 'stunted, undersized', derived from Mong. alc?aji- 'to spread legs apart'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*A:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"red, scarlet | face="Times New Roman Star"красный, алый | face="Times New Roman Star"al (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"al (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al (Pav. C., Houts.), al 'bright red' (CCum.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"a:l |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"al |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"al | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 94-95, ЭСТЯ 1, 125-126. A loanword in Russ. алый. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ana / *en/e | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"mother | face="Times New Roman Star"мать | face="Times New Roman Star"ana ? ene (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ana ? ene (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ene | face="Times New Roman Star"ina" |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ene |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an/ne | face="Times New Roman Star"ije | face="Times New Roman Star"in/e | face="Times New Roman Star"ije |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ene | face="Times New Roman Star"ene, ana |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ina" | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ene, ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"ana | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 169-170, VEWT 19, 44, TMN 2, 130, ЭСТЯ 1, 278-281, Егоров 28, Лексика 298-299, 300-301, Stachowski 127. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*A:nt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"oath | face="Times New Roman Star"клятва | face="Times New Roman Star"ant (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"and (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ant (andy) | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"o|nt | face="Times New Roman Star"ant |
| face="Times New Roman Star"and | face="Times New Roman Star"ant |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ant-yq- 'to take an oath' | face="Times New Roman Star"a:nd |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ant |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"ant |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ant | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 176, VEWT 20, TMN 2, 128, ЭСТЯ 1, 151. Original vowel length is proved by Turk., Az. -d. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*A>n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wild game | face="Times New Roman Star"дикий зверь | face="Times New Roman Star"an| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an|-dy- 'to hunt', an|c?y 'hunter' (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an| 'elk, dear' (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an| 'hunting' (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"an|ta- 'to chase' | face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an| 'sable' | face="Times New Roman Star"an| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"yn| 'fence for wild reindeer' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an|dy- 'to track, waylay' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"an| | face="Times New Roman Star"an| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 152, 417, EDT 166. Shor an|nyg|, Khak. ag|nyx| 'net for catching sables' is a contamination of this root and *ag 'net'. Turk. > Mong. an| id., see Clark 1977, 128-129. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
